![]() Hoffmann, Alexander Pushkin, Søren Kierkegaard, George Bernard Shaw, and Albert Camus. First performed in Prague in 1787, it inspired works by E. ![]() Mozart's opera Don Giovanni has been called "the opera of all operas". ![]() Don Juan Tenorio is still performed throughout the Spanish-speaking world on 2 November (" All Souls Day", the Day of the Dead). Other well-known versions of Don Juan are Molière's play Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre (1665), Antonio de Zamora's play No hay plazo que no se cumpla, ni deuda que no se pague, y Convidado de piedra (1722), Goldoni's play Don Giovanni Tenorio (1735), José de Espronceda's poem El estudiante de Salamanca (1840), and José Zorrilla's romantic play Don Juan Tenorio (1844). But as time passed, the story was translated into other languages, and it was adapted to accommodate cultural changes. The original play was written in the Spanish Golden Age according to its beliefs and ideals. This was particularly focused on women's sexual behavior, in that if a woman did not remain chaste until marriage, her whole family's honor would be devalued. Īnother aspect of Tirso's play is the cultural importance of honor in Spain of the golden age. Tirso de Molina's theological perspective is quite apparent through the dreadful ending of his play. As in a medieval Danse Macabre, death makes us all equal in that we all must face eternal judgment. The devil himself, who is identified with Don Juan as a shape-shifter and a "man without a name", cannot escape eternal punishment for his unforgivable sins. Tirso's play argues in contrast that there is a penalty for sin, and there are even unforgivable sins. Tirso felt that young people were throwing their lives away, because they believed that as long as they made an Act of Contrition before they died, they would automatically receive God's forgiveness for all the wrongs they had done, and enter into heaven. In fact Tirso's play has a clear moralizing intention. This is a demonic attribute, since the devil is known for shape-shifting or taking other peoples' forms. In Tirso de Molina's version Don Juan is portrayed as an evil man who seduces women thanks to his ability to manipulate language and disguise his appearance. The first written version of the Don Juan story was a play, El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra ( The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest), published in Spain around 1630 by Tirso de Molina ( pen name of Gabriel Téllez). There are different versions of the outcome: in some versions Don Juan dies, having been denied salvation by God in other versions he willingly goes to Hell, having refused to repent in some versions Don Juan asks for and receives a divine pardon. This murder leads to the famous "last supper" scene, where Don Juan invites a statue of Don Gonzalo to dinner. His life is also punctuated with violence and gambling, and in most versions he kills a man: Don Gonzalo (the Commendatore), the father of Doña Ana, a girl he has seduced. This is his way of indicating that he is young and that death is still distant-he thinks he has plenty of time to repent later for his sins. The aphorism that Don Juan lives by is: "Tan largo me lo fiáis" (translated as "What a long term you are giving me!" ). He takes great pride in his ability to seduce women of all ages and stations in life, and he often disguises himself and assumes other identities in order to seduce women. ![]() There have been many versions of the Don Juan story, but the basic outline remains the same: Don Juan is a wealthy Andalusian libertine who devotes his life to seducing women. This would have been characteristic of English literary precedent, where English pronunciations were often imposed on Spanish names, such as Don Quixote / ˌ d ɒ n ˈ k w ɪ k s ə t/. However, in Lord Byron's verse version the name rhymes with ruin and true one, suggesting the name was pronounced with three syllables, possibly / ˌ d ɒ n ˈ ʒ uː ən/ or / ˌ d ɒ n ˈ dʒ uː ən/, in England at the time. The usual English pronunciation is / ˌ d ɒ n ˈ w ɑː n/, with two syllables and a silent " J", but today, as more English-speakers have notions of Spanish, the pronunciation / ˌ d ɒ n ˈ h w ɑː n/ is becoming more common. Famous versions of the story include a 17th-century play, El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra ( The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest) by Tirso de Molina, a 1787 opera, Don Giovanni, with music by Mozart and a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte, and a satirical, epic poem, Don Juan, by Lord Byron.īy linguistic extension, from the name of the character, "Don Juan" has become a generic expression for a womanizer, and stemming from this, Don Juanism is a non-clinical psychiatric descriptor. Portrait of Wilhelm Troszel as Don Juan, by Józef Simmler, 1846ĭon Juan ( Spanish: ), also known as Don Giovanni ( Italian), is a legendary, fictional Spanish libertine who devotes his life to seducing women. ![]()
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